📌 Section 1 is Logical reasoning specially designed for CAT
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SET 1 — 🔍 CAT Level
A marketing manager was tabulating the sales data of five companies over five years. He prepared a table containing 25 sales entries and sent it to the Chief Financial Officer for validation. The CFO found that exactly three of the 25 entries were incorrect.
Company | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1210 | 8178 | 4523 | 6723 | 8972 |
B | 2435 | 3425 | 5245 | 3425 | 9020 |
C | 3452 | 5643 | 5688 | 3908 | 5129 |
D | 6543 | 3452 | 7654 | 4328 | 4567 |
E | 3500 | 6523 | 2314 | 6743 | 4634 |
Further, a pattern was observed in the sales of the five companies over the five years, as outlined below.
a. If a company's sales in any year from 2019 to 2022 exceeded ₹6000 crores, then its sales in the immediately succeeding year were less than ₹6000 crores.
b. If a company's sales in any year from 2019 to 2022 were less than ₹4000 crores, then its sales in the immediately succeeding year were not less than ₹5000 crores.
c. If a company's sales in any year from 2020 to 2023 exceeded ₹5000 crores, then its sales in the immediately preceding year did not exceed ₹5000 crores.
d. The sales (in ₹ crores) of each company in each year are integral and at least ₹1000.
Question 1
Find the maximum difference (in ₹ crores) between the total sales of A and B across the five years.
a) 3491
b) 2758
c) 4481
d) None of these
Question 2
The sales of D as a percentage of the total sales of the five companies in 2020 is approximately how many percentage points more/less when compared to that in 2021?
a) 17 less
b) 20 more
c) Cannot be determined
d) 19 less
Question 3
What were the total sales (in ₹ crores) of C across the five years?
Question 4
For how many of the five companies can the total sales be uniquely determined?
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✅ Answers & Explanations
Final Table
Company | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1210 | 8178 | 4523 | (1000 to 5000) / 6723 | 8972 / (1000 to 5000) |
B | 2435 | 5000 | 5245 | 3425 | 9020 |
C | 3452 | 5000 | 5688 | 3908 | 5129 |
D | 6543 | 3452 | 7654 | 4328 | 4567 |
E | 3500 | 6523 | 2314 | 6743 | 4634 |
Set 1
The data in one of the two entries for A (years 2022 and 2023) is incorrect. The data in one of the two entries for B (years 2019 and 2020) is incorrect. The data in one of the two entries for C (years 2019 and 2020) is incorrect.
Based on conditions (b) and (c), the sales of each of B and C in the year 2020 was ₹5000 crores.
For company A, if the entry 6723 is correct, then the entry 8972 has to be rectified (to less than or equal to ₹5000 crores). However, if the entry 8972 is correct, then the entry 6723 has to be rectified to S, such that S is less than or equal to ₹5000 crores. This implies sales for A in either 2022 or 2023 (but not both) is at most ₹5000 crores.
Question 1
Total sales of B = 25125
Total minimum sales of A = 1210 + 8178 + 4523 + 6723 + 1000 = 21634
Total maximum sales of A = 1210 + 8178 + 4523 + 5000 + 8972 = 27883
Maximum possible difference = 25125 − 21634 = 3491
Choice (A)
Question 2
D in 2020 = 3452 / 28153 = 12.26%
D in 2021 = 7654 / 24524 = 31.21%
Difference ≈ 19 percentage points
Choice (D)
Question 3
The total sales of C across the five years are 23177.
Answer: 23177
Question 4
Except A, for all other companies, the total sales can be determined uniquely.
Answer: 4
⚡ Brain teasers are not just about getting the right answer — they train you to think differently under pressure.
Stay consistent with your daily practice, challenge your assumptions, and keep sharpening your reasoning skills.
See you in tomorrow’s challenge!



