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📌 Section 1 is Logical reasoning specially designed for CAT

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SET 1 — 🔍 CAT Level

A marketing manager was tabulating the sales data of five companies over five years. He prepared a table containing 25 sales entries and sent it to the Chief Financial Officer for validation. The CFO found that exactly three of the 25 entries were incorrect.

Company

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

A

1210

8178

4523

6723

8972

B

2435

3425

5245

3425

9020

C

3452

5643

5688

3908

5129

D

6543

3452

7654

4328

4567

E

3500

6523

2314

6743

4634

Further, a pattern was observed in the sales of the five companies over the five years, as outlined below.

a. If a company's sales in any year from 2019 to 2022 exceeded ₹6000 crores, then its sales in the immediately succeeding year were less than ₹6000 crores.

b. If a company's sales in any year from 2019 to 2022 were less than ₹4000 crores, then its sales in the immediately succeeding year were not less than ₹5000 crores.

c. If a company's sales in any year from 2020 to 2023 exceeded ₹5000 crores, then its sales in the immediately preceding year did not exceed ₹5000 crores.

d. The sales (in ₹ crores) of each company in each year are integral and at least ₹1000.

❝

Question 1

Find the maximum difference (in ₹ crores) between the total sales of A and B across the five years.

a) 3491
b) 2758
c) 4481
d) None of these

Question 2

The sales of D as a percentage of the total sales of the five companies in 2020 is approximately how many percentage points more/less when compared to that in 2021?

a) 17 less
b) 20 more
c) Cannot be determined
d) 19 less

Question 3

What were the total sales (in ₹ crores) of C across the five years?

Question 4

For how many of the five companies can the total sales be uniquely determined?

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✅ Answers & Explanations

Final Table

Company

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

A

1210

8178

4523

(1000 to 5000) / 6723

8972 / (1000 to 5000)

B

2435

5000

5245

3425

9020

C

3452

5000

5688

3908

5129

D

6543

3452

7654

4328

4567

E

3500

6523

2314

6743

4634

❝

Set 1

The data in one of the two entries for A (years 2022 and 2023) is incorrect. The data in one of the two entries for B (years 2019 and 2020) is incorrect. The data in one of the two entries for C (years 2019 and 2020) is incorrect.

Based on conditions (b) and (c), the sales of each of B and C in the year 2020 was ₹5000 crores.

For company A, if the entry 6723 is correct, then the entry 8972 has to be rectified (to less than or equal to ₹5000 crores). However, if the entry 8972 is correct, then the entry 6723 has to be rectified to S, such that S is less than or equal to ₹5000 crores. This implies sales for A in either 2022 or 2023 (but not both) is at most ₹5000 crores.

Question 1

Total sales of B = 25125

Total minimum sales of A = 1210 + 8178 + 4523 + 6723 + 1000 = 21634

Total maximum sales of A = 1210 + 8178 + 4523 + 5000 + 8972 = 27883

Maximum possible difference = 25125 − 21634 = 3491

Choice (A)

Question 2

D in 2020 = 3452 / 28153 = 12.26%

D in 2021 = 7654 / 24524 = 31.21%

Difference ≈ 19 percentage points

Choice (D)

Question 3

The total sales of C across the five years are 23177.

Answer: 23177

Question 4

Except A, for all other companies, the total sales can be determined uniquely.

Answer: 4

⚡ Brain teasers are not just about getting the right answer — they train you to think differently under pressure.

Stay consistent with your daily practice, challenge your assumptions, and keep sharpening your reasoning skills.

See you in tomorrow’s challenge!