Question 1

Virat Kohli broke Sachin’s record for the highest number of centuries while chasing a target in ODI.

Conclusion I: Virat is a better batsman than Sachin.
Conclusion II: Virat has played more innings chasing the targets than Sachin.

A) Only conclusion I follows
B) Only conclusion II follows
C) Either conclusion I or conclusion II follow
D) Both conclusion I and conclusion II follow
E) None of the conclusions follow

Question 2

The Minister said that the government had sought the Commission’s permission to appoint the army chief as it wanted to strictly follow all the procedures.

Which of the following can be inferred from the above?

A) The Commission’s permission is necessary for all the appointments made during the elections.
B) The Commission’s permission was not sought in other appointments.
C) The Commission will give the permission for the appointment.
D) Appointment of army chief without the Commission’s permission is irregular.
E) The Commission’s permission is not required for other appointments.

Question 3

Any student who participate in sports performs poorly in academics.

Which of the following, if true, strengthens the above statement?

A) Students who participate in sports are poor in academics.
B) Most students participate in sports because they are poor in academics.
C) Students who are good in academics do not participate in sports.
D) Sports adversely affects one’s academics.
E) None of these.

Globalisation is not a new phenomenon. It was there at the time of colonisation. In the nineteenth century when European traders came to India, at that time too, Indian spices were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of South India were encouraged to grow these crops. Till today, it is one of the important items of export from India.

During the British period, cotton belts of India attracted the British and ultimately cotton was exported to Britain as a raw material for their textile industries. Cotton textile industry in Manchester and Liverpool flourished due to the availability of good quality cotton from India. You have read about the Champaran movement that started in 1917 in Bihar. This was started because farmers of that region were forced to grow indigo on their land because it was necessary for the textile industries that were located in Britain. They were unable to grow foodgrains to sustain their families.

Under globalisation, particularly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges. Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries because of the highly subsidised agriculture in those countries.

Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at the crossroads. To make agriculture successful and profitable, proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers. The green revolution promised much. But today it’s under controversies. It is being alleged that it has caused land degradation due to overuse of chemicals, drying aquifers and vanishing biodiversity. The keyword today is “gene revolution”, which includes genetic engineering.

In fact, organic farming is much in vogue today because it is practised without factory-made chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides. Hence, it does not affect the environment in a negative manner. A few economists think that Indian farmers have a bleak future if they continue growing foodgrains on the holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the population rises. India’s rural population is about 600 million which depends upon 250 million (approximate) hectares of agricultural land, an average of less than half a hectare per person.

Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops. This will increase incomes and reduce environmental degradation simultaneously. Because fruits, medicinal herbs, flowers, vegetables, bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba need much less irrigation than rice or sugarcane. India’s diverse climate can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value crops.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a challenge facing Indian farmers?

A) Agriculture in developed countries is heavily subsidized
B) Agricultural land available for farming is too little to support a rising population
C) The Green Revolution has led to land degradation
D) Indian farmers do not have access to genetically modified seeds
E) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of globalisation?

A) Indian farmers failing to compete with foreign farmers because of subsidies
B) Indian farmers producing cotton and indigo to support textile industries located in Britain
C) Indian farmers farming high-value crops like jatropha and jojoba
D) Indian farmers protesting against the British government
E) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not a negative outcome of the Green Revolution?

A) Land degradation
B) Drying up of lakes
C) Falling crop yields
D) Reduction in biodiversity
E) Pollution from overuse of chemicals

Question 7

Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to "Marginal", printed in bold as used in the passage.

A) Minor
B) Near the coast
C) Prosperous
D) Impeded
E) Extremely poor

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Question 8

Today we have achieved a milestone by completing 60 years of independence. It’s now the time for everyone or every Indian to undergo ____ of the achievements we already made and also those that are still to be _____.

A) self-introspection – achieve
B) self-examination – achieve
C) introspection – achieved
D) search – found
E) cross-inspection – made

Question 9

UMPIRE : MATCH :: ARBITRATOR : ?

A) Dispute
B) Land
C) Country
D) Game
E) Court

Question 10

Choose the grammatically correct option for the underlined portion of the sentence.

Weaving a web of words, a magical world has been created by J.K. Rowling.

A) a magical world has been created by J.K. Rowling
B) a magical world was created by J.K. Rowling
C) J.K. Rowling had created a magical world
D) J.K. Rowling’s magical world was created
E) J.K. Rowling has created a magical world

Question 1

Answer: E) None of the conclusions follow

Why E is correct:
The statement only says that Virat broke Sachin’s record for centuries while chasing in ODIs.

Conclusion I does not follow because breaking one record does not prove that Virat is a better batsman overall.
Conclusion II does not follow because Virat may have scored more centuries in fewer innings also.

Question 2

Answer: D) Appointment of army chief without the Commission’s permission is irregular.

Why D is correct:
The minister says permission was sought to strictly follow procedures. This means the permission is part of the proper procedure. So, appointing without permission would be irregular.

Question 3

Answer: D) Sports adversely affects one’s academics.

Why D is correct:
The statement says students who participate in sports perform poorly in academics. Option D gives the reason that sports negatively affects academics, so it directly strengthens the statement.

Question 4

Answer: D) Indian farmers do not have access to genetically modified seeds

Why D is correct:
The passage mentions subsidized agriculture in developed countries, shrinking landholdings, and environmental issues from the Green Revolution as challenges. It does not state that Indian farmers lack access to genetically modified seeds.

Why A is wrong:
The passage explicitly says Indian farmers struggle to compete with heavily subsidized agriculture in developed countries.

Why B is wrong:
The passage highlights that agricultural land per person is becoming smaller as the population rises.

Why C is wrong:
The passage mentions land degradation as a controversy associated with the Green Revolution.

Why E is wrong:
Since D is clearly not mentioned as a challenge, "None of the above" is incorrect.

Question 5

Answer: B) Indian farmers producing cotton and indigo to support textile industries located in Britain

Why B is correct:
The passage gives this as a historical example of globalization, where Indian raw materials were produced for industries located in another country.

Why A is wrong:
This is a consequence of globalization, not an example illustrating it.

Why C is wrong:
This is a suggested agricultural strategy, not globalization itself.

Why D is wrong:
This is a political protest, not globalization.

Why E is wrong:
Option B is clearly an example.

Question 6

Answer: C) Falling crop yields

Why C is correct:
The passage mentions land degradation, drying aquifers, overuse of chemicals, and loss of biodiversity as criticisms of the Green Revolution. It does not mention falling crop yields.

Why A is wrong:
Land degradation is specifically mentioned.

Why B is wrong:
Though the passage uses the term "drying aquifers," it reflects water depletion, a negative environmental effect.

Why D is wrong:
The passage explicitly refers to vanishing biodiversity.

Why E is wrong:
Overuse of chemicals is one of the concerns raised.

Question 7

Answer: A) Minor

Why A is correct:
In the phrase "marginal and small farmers," marginal refers to farmers with very small landholdings. Among the options, "Minor" is the closest in meaning.

Why B is wrong:
"Marginal" here has nothing to do with coastal areas.

Why C is wrong:
Prosperous is the opposite of what is implied.

Why D is wrong:
Impeded means obstructed, which is unrelated.

Why E is wrong:
Marginal farmers are small landholders, not necessarily extremely poor.

Question 8

Answer: C) introspection – achieved

Why C is correct:
“Undergo introspection” means to think deeply and review oneself. Also, “those that are still to be achieved” is grammatically correct.

Question 9

Answer: A) Dispute

Why A is correct:
An umpire settles decisions in a match. Similarly, an arbitrator settles a dispute.

Question 10

Answer: E) J.K. Rowling has created a magical world

Why E is correct:
The sentence begins with “Weaving a web of words,” so the subject must be the person doing the weaving. Therefore, J.K. Rowling should come immediately after the phrase.